Partial Rate of Diffusion of Potassium Dichromate

incomplete Rate of Diffusion of Potassium DichromateABSTRACTDiffusion is the movement where molecules airing into spaces. It was ascertaind that the formation of ammonium ion chloride was near the hydrochloric vinegarish message the ammonia dish outd faster. One factor that affects the target of it is the molecular saddle of a substance. If molecular incubus affects the enume locate of dissemination, then, the higher or write down the molecular metric system of clogsing unit unit the slow or faster the appraise of airing. To try on this factor, a drop of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene group group sad were situated on for each one wells of the petri dish containing agar peeing change. later on thirty legal proceeding, the partial(p) localize and average pass judgment of dissemination ar calculated and the results showed that the substance with the lowest molecular lott over, potassium permanganate, diffuses fas run . The molecular weight affects the calculate of diffusion, the lighter the molecular weight the slower the rate of diffusion and vice versa. The molecular weight of the substance is inversely proportionate to the rate of diffusion.INTRODUCTIONDiffusion is the process where the molecules of solid, liquid or gas string out spontaneously to occupy a space. Gas molecules are the fastest to diffuse since their molecules are scattered from one a nonher. The molecules of diffusion moves randomly and they spread into operational space (Mendoza E, 2003).Hydrochloric cutting is formed by mixture of hydrogen ion and centiliter ion. According to the Lewis theory of acids and bases, hydrochloric acid is an acid because an element (chlorine) was paired to a hydrogen ion and when it is turn in water, it produces hydrogen ion (Ebbing and Gammon, 2011). A 0.1M of hydrochloric acid has a pH level of 1 meaning it is strong enough to dissolved iron nails (Mendoza E, 2003). Hydrochloric acid has a molecular weight of about 36.46 g/mol and can be found inside our stomach because it helps on the digestion of the food we eat (Reece et al, 2005).Ammonium hydrated oxide is a base because it produces hydroxide ion when dissolves in water. The ammonium hydroxide decomposes forming ammonia and water. In a buncombe moveion, a compound turns into simpler substances or elements. The ammonia has a molecular weight of about 17.031 g/mol and water has about 18g/mol (Mendoza E, 2003).When ammonium hydroxide breaks down into ammonia and water, since hydrochloric acid is an acid, when it is dissolved in water, it bequeath produce hydrogen ion. On the other hand, the chlorine ion(C ) result react with ammonia (N). This response is called synthesis reaction (HCl + N O NCl + +O) (Mendoza E, 2003).From the reaction, ammonium chloride is produced by the synthesis of ammonia and chlorine ion. The ammonia and hydrochloric acid spread to available space until they meet. After they met, a rea ction of white demolish is formed. The ring is near to the hydrochloric acid compare to the ammonia (France C. 2014)There are many factors that affect the rate of diffusion. When heat is applied, the molecules moves quicker, making the solute dissolves faster. The diffusion rate too increased by stirring where molecules move faster amidst the molecules of water. Diffusion is also affected by the density of the solvent where diffusion is slower when it has a higher density (Lozano Sandico, 2003). Molecular weight also affects the rate of diffusion. Lighter particles diffuse faster than heavy particles It has an inverse equaliser where the smaller the size of the particles, the faster the rate of diffusion (Tro, 2008). The difference in concentration can affect the rate of diffusion too. The distance of diffusion also affects the rate of it where it takes time to diffuse a particle for cold place. Permeability is also a factor of diffusion where if the substance does not permit a substance to pass through it, thus, there will be no diffusion (Meyertholen E., 2014)Based on the observation, the ammonium hydroxide decomposed into ammonia (N) and water (O), while the hydrochloric acid decomposed into hydrogen ion() and chlorine ion (C). A single displacement had occurred from the ammonia and hydrochloric acid, forming ammonium chloride (NCl). This substance appeared in the provide in the presence of a white smoke. With this, data were obtained to know how molecular weight affects the diffusion of a certain substance. As seen in disconcert 4.1, comparing the ratio of the distances from the two substances up to the smoke over the tot up distance, the ratio of the ammonia are larger than the ratio of the hydrochloric acid. But on the first trial, the ratio of hydrochloric acid over fit distance is bigger by 0.2cm compared to the ammonia. Using the aspect, the ratio of the ammonia over the ratio of hydrochloric acid is used to get the average ratio. With am monia having a molecular weight of about 17.031 g/mol and the hydrochloric acid having a molecular weight of about 36.46 g/mol, the lighter the molecular weight of the substance, the faster the diffusion is. However, the molecules of the substances on the observation cannot be seen.Table 4.1. The ratios of the distances from the hydrochloric acid over make sense distance, from the ammonia over total distance, and ammonia over hydrochloric acid.TrialDistance(cm)(d) issue forth Distance(D)Ratiod HCld N119.218.737.90.510.490.96215.020.535.50.420.581.38316.820.036.80.460.541.17417.518.536.00.490.511.04This study aimed to insure how molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion. The specific objectives areTo explain the relationship between molecular weight and the rate of diffusion of a certain substance.To prove if molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate of diffusion.MATERIALS AND METHODSTo find out if the molecular weight of a substance affects the rate of diffusion, a petri dish of agar water gel with three wells, potassium dichromate (C), potassium permanganate (KMn), and methylene disconsolate were used.The diam of each well is metrical in millimetre utilize a ruler. Then, a drop of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene juicy were dropped on each wells of the petri dish containing agar water gel. It was instanter covered to prevent it from drying. At a three-minute interval for thirty minutes, by lifting the petri dish, the diameter of the coloured area is measured. Using the collected data in the setup, a line graph was used to compare the rate of each substances diffusion.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONOn the experiment, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish were used to determine the partial rate and the average rate of diffusion. After 30 minutes of observing, the diameter of the pot assium permanganate has the biggest among the rest which is 14, compared to the potassium dichromate which is 12 and to methylene blue which is 11. The average rate of diffusion is calculated by the formulaWhere df= final diameterdo= initial diametert= total timeWhile the partial diffusion rate is calculated by the formulaWhere dx=diameter at a given timedx-1= diameter immediately sooner dxtx= time when dx measuredtx-1= time immediately before txTable 4.2. Rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish for 30 minutes. season(Minute) diam (mm)Potassium Permanganate(MW 158g/mol)Potassium Dichromate(MW 294g/mol)methylene group blue(MW 374g/mol)0333365568769108712119715129818121092113109241311102713111030141211Table 4.3. Partial rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish for 30 minutes.Time elapsed(minute)Partial rates of diff usion(mm/min)Potassium Permanganate(MW 158g/mol)Potassium Dichromate(MW 294g/mol)Methylene blue(MW 374g/mol)31.000.670.6760.670.670.3390.670.330.33120.330.330.00150.330.000.33180.000.330.33210.330.000.00240.000.330.33270.000.000.00300.330.330.33Average rate of diffusion (mm/min.)0.3670.3000.267Figure 4.3. A bar graph comparing the average rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish.Figure 4.4. A bar graph comparing the partial rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONTo test the hypothesis, an experiment was performed to test if the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate of diffusion. An observation using a glass rod to measure the distance on how far the particles of the hydrochloric acid and ammonia travelled u ntil both of them had a chemical reaction producing ammonium chloride. Ammonia that has 17.031 g/mol travelled faster than the hydrochloric acid that has 36.46 g/mol.The experiment was done to support the observation because it is more clearly and visible to the naked eye because the diffusion can be observe in this setup. The potassium permanganate having a diameter of 14 is the biggest among them. The average rate of diffusion of each substances was calculated and the result is potassium permanganate has the fastest rate of 0.367mm/min. potassium permanganate has the lightest molecular weight of 158g/mol.Based from the setup that was performed, the substance that has the lightest molecular weight has the fastest rate of diffusion. This study confirmed the hypothesis where the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, the lighter the molecular weight the slower the rate of diffusion and vice versa. The molecular weight of the substance is inversely proportional to the rate o f diffusion. However, some errors were made during the experiment like the unequal amounts of the substances located in the petri dish, methylene blue was spilled from the well, and the three substances are not measured at exactly every three minutes. This study needs besides research because there are also other factors other than the molecular weight that could affect the rate of diffusion. It is recommended to research and study other factors that can affect the rate of diffusion.LITERATURE CITEDCain, M.L., Jackson, R.B., Minorsky, P.V., Reece, J.B., Urry L.A., and Wasserman, S.A.2011. Campbell Biology 9th Edition. USA Pearson Education Inc. p. 53.Ebbing,D. and Gammon, S. D. 2009. oecumenical Chemistry Enhanced Edition. USA Cengage Learning Inc. p. 143-144.France C. 2014. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Information retrieval. http//gcsescience.com/e17- ammonium-chloride-reversible.htm Accessed October 12, 2014.Lozano L.F. and Sandico P.M. C.2003. Science and engineering scie nce for the Future II. Makati City Diwa Learning System Inc. p. 110.Mendoza, E.E.2003. Phoenix Science series Chemistry. Quezon City Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. p. 163, 244, 299, 305.Meyertholen E. 2014. Diffusion II Information retrieval. http//austincc.edu/emeyerth/ diffuse2.htm Accessed October 13, 2014.Tro, N. J.2008. A Molecular Approach.Oregon, USA GEX Publishing Services. p. 229.