The Role of Women in the Church Essay Example for Free

The Role of Women in the Church EssayThe role that women play in Church has always been a misunderstood and heavily scrutinized issue within the church. These negative thoughts may be attributed to the bibles own scriptures in regards to women. It is widely believed that men are natural born leadership, as that is the way God made them, but modern society has shown us that women can be notwithstanding as successful in trail, if not more so. Today women serve as positive leaders in politics, business, law and even in some churches as of lately. So why then, do galore(postnominal) churches refuse women the right to serve as leaders? Why did God include passages of the Bible that control womens leadership? According to The Rise Of Women As Church Leaders (2006), Many Christian religions slip by women out of top leadership posts especially the pulpit. Their reasons rely mainly on selective readings of certain biblical passages regarding women. (para. 2) Women should listen a nd learn quietly and submissively (Timothy 211).I do not permit a woman to t apiece or to curb authority over a man she must be silent. For Adam was formed first, then Eve. And Adam was not the one deceived it was the woman who was deceived and became a sinner. (Timothy 212-14). If they have any questions to ask, let them ask their husbands at home, for it is improper for women to speak in church meetings (Corinthians 1335). The women should take for quiet in the churches, for they are not authorized to speak, but should take a secondary and chasten place, just as the Law also says (Corinthians 1434). These are each very clear examples of the restrictions of leading women in Christianity. While some churches continue to deny women certain human rights, it is very clear that without women, the Christian religion would be a vastly different community.In late(a) years, women have seen a queen-size amount of changes within Christianity. This religion has actually put fourth opportu nities for women in the community. While the rights of women might not be the equivalent to men as of yet, Christianity has helped give women a stronger place in society composition hugely contributing to successful leaps in rights. Jewish and Islamic societies have also had their own issues regarding womens roles. The primary role of a woman in all three religions is to be a wife and mother.Judaism teaches that men and women are equal in the eyes of God even though Judaism sets different roles for each sex. In Islam, it is a little bit different. The Quran regards men and women as equals and states that they should each be treated the same. However, many Muslim societies practice the oppression of women in day to day life. Similar to Orthodox Judaism, men and women piety separately in Islamic cultures. Christianity, Judaism and Islam have each seen many leaps and bounds in the rights of women in recent years. The next century could see even larger changes for women and possibly the complete abolishment of the oppression of women. audienceThe Rise of Women as Church Leaders. (2006). Retrieved from http//www.csmonitor.com/2006/0719/p08s01-comv.html

How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters to Us Essay Example for Free

How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters to Us EssaySteinbeck presents disadvantaged characters to us using a number of techniques. The antecedent does this to encourage us to sympathise and begin to lowstand the characters, in order to doom the problems with prejudice and the various types of it which were endemic in American society in this time. Lennie is foremost presented to us through the authors use of animal imagery in the description, and the readers first apprehension of Lennie is how animal like he is when phrases like snortinglike a horse are used. The author does this to show that Lennie is gentle, like an animal and can be tamed like domestic animals are.It in any case shows Lennie impart only attack on instinct and become violent when he feels threatened or under attack. This is shown when he says I didnt want no trouble showing that he didnt inculpate to do any harm and just doesnt realise his own strength. The author also presents Lennie in th is federal agency because animals are innocent and do not have the capacity to act morally or know good from bad. This shows Lennies behaviour, when he acts violently, is a result of society as society taunts him until he behaves in this way.Lennie is also presented to the readers as a vulnerable character, through the authors description of Lennies actions, especially after his attack from Curley when he bleated with terror and crouched cowering. This action emphasises his dependence on George as he couldnt defend himself without George telling him to. His dependence on George is also made totally clear when he says me an him goes ever place together When Lennie panics he starts to loose control and the author presents this to the readers through the structure of the text edition and Lennies dialogue.Lennies sentences become short and staccato like when he says phrases such as divert dont and now dont you do that showing his evident panic. The readers can also tell that Lennie l ooses control because the author uses language such as (lennies) face was contorted. The author does this to show Lennie doesnt mean to kill or hurt and does it out of panic and instinct. This is shown by Lennie himself when he says I done a real bad thing Georgell be mad which shows Lennie realises he cant control himself and that he has no moral judgement.It also shows Lennie thinks things are good or bad to him depending on what George will think of him. The author presents Lennie to us, as a disadvantaged character, in the way he has a childs mind in a mans body. This not only enables us to see the way in which society treats volume such as Lennie but it gives us an insight into the feelings of black people as lennie, being socially unaware and childlike, does not realise the social boundries of white people and goes to guggle to crooks.

Adolescent Truancy Essay Example for Free

immature Truancy EssayI choose to do my paper on Playing Hooky Examining Factors that extend to Adolescent Truancy, because of the position I am currently in at work places me in some(prenominal) different domesticate s all year long. I give seen the effects and causes of adolescent hooky first hand. This article is a review of previous data that was obtained from Youth Advocate Programs, Inc. This article clear states that it is a research article, and the research is from a study that compiled data from 20 students. The researchers looked at all variables that dictation a factor in adolescent hooky, to include family environment, support situations, community involvement, severity of substance use, length of substance use, and peer victimization.Based on the research from the article on adolescent truancy I learned that truancy has become an ever growing problem and is caused from several different factors. Adolescent truancy is caused by multiple out-of-school and in -school factors. The majority of abscises are driven from outside factors, such as family problems, living conditions, substance use, and community involvement, and school factors, like bullying or hazing.Looking at the research by Dube and Orpinas(2009) it breaks it down into three main behavioral profile groups based on reinforcement be it invalidating and positive reinforcement, also no reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is intimacys like skipping school to go to the mall or skate park things of that nature. Negative reinforcement is family conflict, living conditions, and substance problems. With substance abuse problems leads to more skipping school, and with skipping school leads to more substance abuse problems, so they both feed of each other. The research is supported by the data that was collected from a study that was done with 20 kids, ages 8-16 and grades 5th to 11th.This article fits in the overall field of sociology because it takes something that needs to be di ssected and helps break down the trends and reasoning be hide what is expiry on, Furth more it opens our eyes to the key indicators to look for if we have a problem like this. Sociology breaks down thing so we can see the reasoning that something may be happing and I think this article does ripe that. I feel that the chapter that this article would best fit in would be chapter 9 Deviance, because the article insure truancy which is deviating from what you are supposed to be doing and shows why people would be doing this.This article is different because magazines and newspapers do not explain what is going on in this much in-depth information. Non-scholarly periodicals are usually just a brief summary of what is really going on and hitting the key points. This article is done from studies that have been done as well as surveys that have been completed. What this article and non-scholarly periodicals do have in gross is that they both do lay out the key points to their research a s well as character reference the sources that they received there information from.RefrencesDimmick, J. Yanira, C. Aleka, L. and Holly, B. (2011). Playing Hooky Examining Factors that Contribute to Adolescent Truancy. EBSCOhost. Retrieved from https//web-ebscohost-com.libdatab.strayer.edu/ehost/detail?vid=5hid=25sid=ea8658a5-82b9-4bf5-9730-404a1a35187f%40sessionmgr11bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=a9hAN=6966092

Advances In Biomedical Science And Technology Science Essay

Advances In Biomedical Science And engineering science Science EssayDue to the advances in biomedical science and applied science, mammalian copy has, in the put up 13 years, become feasible. This first came to the publics attention with the publicity surrounding the creation of Dolly the sheep in 1997. with the process of HSCNT(Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer), hundreds of mammalian organisms invite been cl unmatchedd and carried to term. However, the process is by no operator perfect as not only do numerous embryos fail, but many of those born have significant behave defects, round of which only come to light later in development.To this date, no prospering human reproductive copy has occurred. N ane the less, rapid advances in technology suggest that human copy exit be relicapable in the foreseeable time to come. This realization has led to an unprecedented debate to the highest degree ethical and human rights issues which must be balanced against the more broadl y beneficial aspects of scientific advancement.An colossal amount of people believe that re-create completely interferes with ethical and human rights. This is somewhat delinquent to the point that re-create in animals has not been 100% effective. Animals have been cloned before but many of them have had birth defects and short liveliness spans. Dolly the sheep became a scientific sensation when her birth was announced in 1997. Her comparatively early death in February 2003 fuels the debate about the ethics of re-create research and the long-term wellness of clones. Science Museum.org no name reference Although Dolly lived to be an adult, she was one of 227 hears to survive this long. This showed the inefficiency and complications of clone.Hundreds, if not thousands, of attempts atomic number 18 necessary to experience just one viable clone. On average, just 3% of attempts succeed. (Vergoff2001) The situation that many of the clones (produced in an attempt to produce just one clone) do not live reflects the reason that people believe copy is cruel. Antoher reason that they might think cloning is innapropriate is because when comparing nuclear generated embryos and embryos produced during sexual reproduction, a significant soma of the cloned embryos fail where as not so many natural embryos do. Because of this fact, mainstream scientists agree that due to the very low gear success rates of reproductive cloning in animals, this technology is not appropriate for application to humans.The align of the public that smell outs human cloning is wrong is in like manner against it for reasons other than the clones not world reliably functional. check to them, cloning humans is unethical, inhumane and immoral.Students for students 2010 The process is seen as just copying the identical genes, which means it forget decrease the diversity of genes. To put it simply, as a human one is meant to see the differences in others and cloning would eliminate this . People would not be completely unique.These people also question the opinion of some p arnts. They understand that if a p bent has a child whose kidneys fail, that they would be willing to clone their child as to donate one of their newly cloned childs kidneys to their own child. However, one could and then question whether it would not be antic to suddenly have two identical children.This is where personality is brought to attention. Although human cloning is the process by which an charter genetic replica is made of an individual, this does not, necessarily, mean the same personality, or person, would develop.(Cadena2007) The question that stands is whether the clone is inferior and varied to the general public or not. Most do not like the idea of cloning as it will separate us into two different gatherings humans and clones.Aldous Huxley reflects his point of view in his book, persist New World in a satirical sense. He shows his view of the future with human cloning in a negative way. The novel is set in London in the years that Huxley calls A.F. which stands for later on Ford. Henry Ford is the developer of the assembly line technique of mass production and the mass production implies cloning in this sense. At the beginning of the novel, the director of a centre called Hatcheries and Conditioning is taking a root of young students on a tour around one of the labs. He shows them how human beings are impost made and placed into different social castes which were almost like different cultural groups(minus the culture). He then leads them to a special room where the humans are brain-washed. A common phrase that the brain-washed characters say end-to-end the novel is Put your arms around me squeeze me till you drug me, honeyKiss me till Im in a coma. Hug me honey, snuggly Lenina, Chapter 13, pg. 194His novel relates to the debate of cloning as it reflects his idea of a future with human cloning. Although it is satirical and far-fetched, it makes one question cloning as it displays cloning in a negative way (all humans being the same and put into categories). The anti-human cloning groups see the future of cloning in a similar bearing dark and once again, inhumane.Taking the above concerns into con nerveration, many people still believe that human cloning is entirely beneficial. This is because there are an incredible number of positive outcomes of human reproductive cloning. On the lighter, appreance side Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading proponents of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to reverse the ageing process because of what is learnt from cloning. Plus, cloning could better cosmetic procedures such(prenominal) a pinhead implants. This is because with the new technolog, doctors will be able to produce things such as fat, bone and cartialage that matches the patients exactly. On the more serious side, scientists may one day be able to treat people that have had heart attacks by clonin g their rule heart cells and placing them in the damaged areas of their heart, give victims of accidents which cause any parts of their body to become perverted their original face features back through cloning(limbs for amputees may be regernerated) and even give women looking for breast augumentations implants the same as their normal tissues in order to prevent them ferom becoming ill.On average, one carries 8 defective genes inside of them which cause them to become sick when they would otherwise remain healthy. With human cloning and its technology it may be possible to ensure that we no longer suffer because of our defective genes. Smith, S more aliveness threatening illnesses such as cancer, leukimea, kidney failure and liver failure could be taken away due to cloning. Ont op of this, cloning technology can test for and possibly even cure genetic diseases. Propnents of cloning also suggest it may serve as a treatment for infertility, allowing those who cannot/can no longe r purge to pass on genes to future generations. Kolehmainen,Sophie A lot of parents think of human reproductive cloning as a way of saving childrens lives.There are plenty of examples of what could happen in the future subsequently human reproductive cloning begins If a couple becomes infertile after having one child, they would be able to clone their child to have a second one. Parents also state that they would find human cloning benefficial as if they lost their child in an accident, they could get their perfect baby back.(Smith, S) The general attitude of this group of people is why not? If a person can be saved from leukemia, why would anyone feel the need to stop this from happening?Despite this question there is still a debate in which many other factors contribute. An example of one of these is religion. Many in the Western nations wonder whether clones would have a soul. They also question whether it is playing God or not if humans create rather than by nature conceive. Many groups have publicly disapproved of human reproductive and human therapeutic cloning. These include religious organisations, such as the Catholic Church, who disapprove of these technologies. Werts, D, C 2002Go on about regulation.(cant be extended globally) Many groups have publicly disapproved of human reproductive and human therapeutic cloning. Ask dadAlthough there are many negatives to do with human reproductive cloning, it is expected that it will occur in the future. This is because there are so many bennifits of this cloning surrounding medical purposes. Personally, I worry about what a future with human reproductive cloning will hold. In my opinion, I think it would be ideal if, in the future, cell cloning could be used for medical purposes only and not human reproductive cloning for reasons such as infertility as this would be immoral. However, there is a chance that cloning will not happen in the future and this would probably be best. We are humans and we cannot cha nge the fact that some of us cannot have children or predict the day we are going to die. This is the way of life and to me, cloning humans in this way does not seem right.All in all, the topic holds a debate that will continue for a long period of time before any decisions are made. etc

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) at Doctors Surgery

client race Man growment (CRM) at Doctors operating theaterProposed on the job(p) TitleDoes guest Relationship Management (CRM) build stronger bonds with the guests and help provide quality run in a doctors surgery at Camden? - A boldness study of NHS interrogation Background and ContextI carry chosen this topic in install to find out what argon the key issues that argon key for sure-firely running a doctors surgery. We make been seeing that thither atomic number 18 always enduring dis gladness and complain almost the go, both clinical and non-clinical.HypothesisThe hypotheses that ordain be tested in this investigate atomic number 18 as followsTo analyze what aspects of CRM strategies atomic number 18 missing in running this doctors surgery.To commit what benefits stop be attained by completely implementing CRM at PPCCTo what extent the employees are playing their role according to CRM strategies.To view in various models, strategies, theories and modes tha t stomach be mathematical functiond to make the service ingestionful at doctors surgery. plaque Background Partnership Primary Care Centre (PPCC)The Surgery has been established in 1973 for the concourse who are living in the housing. It was named Fairweather House Surgery. Initially it had 250 patients from the housing. Dr. Morris Davies was founder General Practiti atomic number 53r (GP). In 1976, Dr. Diane Rosenthal, Dr. Jonathan Rosenthal, Dr. Enid Greenbury and Dr. Wil Cupola took over from Dr. Morris Davies and this Surgery was under Camden and Islington Primary Care Trust (PCT). In 1976 Camden and Islington PCT allocated much patients and gave a practice frontier that is a catchment domain. In 1976, GPs appointed a practice nurse who used to do child immunisation, dressing, and cervical smear.In 1988 Dr. Wil Cupola left the surgery and Dr. Ian Hopkinson joined the surgery as a disunitener and there were 8 sessions of doctors and 5 sessions of nurses. GPs decided to register more patients and in 2003 total registered patients were 1900.It was difficult to offer more function from the small premise, so GPs had several meeting with the PCT to move to a large building. During this time, Camden and Islington PCT shared into two and this surgery came under Islington PCT who decided to move the Surgery in a bigger premises. Meanwhile, one of the local GP died and a nonher GP went for retirement.In 1st October of 2003, Fairweather House Surgery shifted to new built premises and named the surgery as Partnership Primary Care Centre (PPCC). After go to this new premise, there are now 16 consulting session of doctors, 10 nurses session and 5 health care assistant sessions. Now the total registered patient is 3300 and growing e trulyday.(Source Mr. Rashidul Hasan Practice animal trainer and Mrs. Heather Johnson Ex-Practice Manager at PPCC)Services Offered at PPCCServices that are offered by PPCC are personal doctoring, urgent medical exam problems, out of hours emergencies, home visits, talking to a doctor or nurse on the telephone, family planning services , antenatal care , child health surveillance, screening and health promotion, travel immunisations advice, sexual health for teenagers adults, cease smoking advice, alcohol advice , advice on drug problems, test results, repeat prescription service, interpreting services, careers needs and particular(prenominal) nurse-led clinics available that include asthma/COPD clinics, diabetic clinic, cervical smears, childhood immunisation, family planning, heart disease/stroke prevention, advantageously person checks. (Source PPCC leaflet)Customer Relationship Management System at PPCCThe surgery uses patient selective teaching memory system called VISION that is the most popular GP entropy storage system in the country. It has been hold by the comp any called INPS. It holds all the information well-nigh the patients who are registered with PPCC. It holds the name, date of birth, conductress, telephone numbers and plain the medical information. This system is also linked with the Whittington Hospital in target to receive test results including X-rays that are transferred electronically to the surgery.Rationale for the chosen topicI have selected Customer Relationship Management (CRM) because it is one of the best and most popular methods of developing stronger bonds with guests (in this research my clients are the patients who keep an eye on to the doctors surgery). It can be express that if there is no patients and so there is no need of doctors surgery, that is no patient, no business. By the murder of CRM strategies, PPCC can become one of the role model for new(prenominal) doctors practices. Customer cheer is the core of any business and when it comes to patients, it is a must.Research Questions- Formulation of researchable questionsLike all research, my research also has an objective and to succeed that objective I have prepared a res earchable question. The most important question to me is How effective pass on be customer consanguinity management strategies in providing quality services in doctors surgery?I result be focussing on this question through out my analysis of this research. Some of the important concerns that volition arise while answering this question are as follows What is CRM? Usage of CRM? What are the organisational benefits of CRM? How successful CRM can be in providing quality services? To what level can customer satisfaction can be achieved? How the organisation can achieve competitive advantage by CRM?Research AimThe pay off of this research is to determine the relationship betwixt the CRM and the quality of services and does it build a stronger bond with customers.Research ObjectivesThe main objective behind this research is to sympathise and identify the root cause of customer dissatisfaction with the services provided at the doctors surgery. This research testament focus on the real life example of a capital of the United Kingdom base doctors surgery called Partnership Primary Care Centre (PPCC). I will discuss closely the implementation and benefits of CRM to PPCC.In order to achieve the above aim, the following research objectives have been set To understand and identify the root cause of customer dissatisfaction with the services provided by the doctors surgery, To determine the variable factors that could influence customer satisfaction level, To determine how CRM can bring a positive change in the quality of service, To identify how implementation of CRM can benefits PPCC.Literature checkA literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and some(prenominal)times information in a particular subject area within a certain time period. For the purpose of this research, the literature review is on Customer Relationship Management (CRM).Customer Relationship Management (CRM)The break up a business can manage the r elationships it has with its customers the more successful it will become. In order to have a disclose savvy and knowledge around the customers needs and demands, customer relationship management strategies can be used. Customer relationship management (CRM) is non just the application of technology, but is a strategy to learn more about customers needs and behaviours in order to build up stronger relationships with them. As such it is more of a business philosophy than a technical solution to assist in dealing with customers effectively and cost-effectively. (www.xicom.biz , Accessed 21/08/09)According to Armstrong and Kotler (2005) customer relationship management (CRM) is managing detailed information about exclusive customers and carefully managing customer tally points in order to maximize customer loyalty. CRM involves all of the corporate functions ( marketing, manufacturing, customer services, field sales, and field service) required to contact customers straight off or indirectly. The term contact lens points is used in CRM to refer to the many ways in which customers and firms interact. (Gray and Byun, 2001)The theme of customer relationship management CRM is based upon identifying understanding and being able to provide a better service to customers. CRM allows build a better relationship with customers, improving customer satisfaction and maximising profitability. It is about understanding, anticipating and responding to the exact needs of customers with a constant eye for making the services to them the best it can possibly be. The main target of CRM is to improve long-term growth and profitability through a better understanding of customer behaviour. (Source www.customerrelationshipmanagementcrmuk.co.uk, Accessed 21/08/09)CRM consists of three basic components customer, relationship and management. (Roberts-Witt, 2000)CustomerIf there is no customer then there will be no profit now or in the future. But a good customer, who provides mo re profit with less resource, is always scarce because customers are knowledgeable and the competition is fierce. sometimes it is difficult to distinguish who is the real customer because the buying decision is frequently a collaborative operation among participants of the decision-making process (Wyner, 1999). Information technologies can offer the skills to distinguish and manage customers. CRM can be thought of as a marketing approach that is based on customer information (Wyner, 1999).RelationshipThe relationship between a company and its customers involves consecutive bi-directional communication and interaction. The relationship can be short-term or long-term, continuous or discrete, and repeating or one-time. Relationship can be attitudinal or behavioural. Even though customers have a positive attitude towards the company and its products or services, their buying behaviour is highly situational (Wyner, 1999).ManagementCRM is not an activity totally within a marketing depa rtment. Rather it involves continuous corporate change in culture and processes. The customer information unruffled is transformed into corporate knowledge that leads to activities that take advantage of the information and of market opportunities. CRM required a comprehensive change in the organization and its people (Wyner, 1999).Specific software program to support the management process involves Field Service, E-Commerce Ordering, Self Service Applications, Catalogue Management, Bill Presentation, Marketing Programs, and digest Applications. They can be used to take the advantage of CRM, but keeping in mind that CRM is not about just technology but more about quality service.(Source http//www.tupublicas.com/docs/12-44-15-02-2004-leyva.pdf, Accessed 17/08/09)The core components of customer relationship managementThe content of a CRM strategy consists of six mutually dependent criteria (Donaldson and OToole, 2002)Emphasis on quality if we provide poor service we will lose our c ustomers and ultimately business. The core product totally is no longer sufficient, and service quality is considered as the key to successful business.Measure customer satisfaction but manage customer service This implies understanding and defining the various benefits that a prospect expects preliminary to purchase and the management of the gap between expectations and performance after the purchase process.Invest in people Both internal and external relationships are important. Implementation of a relationship orientation can exclusively come from the people in the organisation understanding the objectives set and meeting the required standards.Maintaining dialogue with customers construction long-term relationships is the key issue in CRM. Companies that listen and adapt to preferences of individual customers have a high chance to retain them and make them loyal.Setting realistic targets and assessing performance Organisations must have an understanding of customer views of the various elements in the offering and the elements important to each individual customer.Relationship-based interfaces This means being in touch with both internal and external customers in a responsive and flexible manner. In practice, there is a gap between what firms do, what they should do, and what is most desirable to do. The means of communication should be adapted to the needs of the individual customer. (Donaldson and OToole, 2002)Types of Customer Relationship ManagementThere are opposite variations in CRM approaches and they are all in different software packages focusing on different aspects. Some of the main types of CRM are as follows usable CRMOperational CRM is for front office business processes. It interactions with customers to garner and stored customer information, so that later staff can retrieve customer information as necessary. The reasons for storing this information are as followsManaging campaignsEnterprise Marketing mechanization gross sales Force AutomationSales Management SystemAnalytical CRMAnalytical CRM makes strong use of data mining and former(a) techniques to create useful results for decision-making Analytical CRM analyzes customer data for a many reasons and they areDesigning and executing targeted marketing campaignsDesigning and executing campaigns,Analyzing customer behavior in order to make decisions relating to products and servicesManagement information systemIn this stage the importance of fully integrated CRM software becomes most apparent because the more information the analytical software has available for analysis, the better is the predictions and recommendations are.Sales Intelligence CRMSales Intelligence CRM is more or less like Analytical CRM, but is mean as a more direct sales tool. Features include alerts sent to sales staff regardingCross-selling/Up-selling/Switch-selling opportunitiesCustomer driftSales performanceCustomer trendsCustomer marginsCustomer alignment promote ManagementCampaign man agement includes elements of Operational and Analytical CRM. The functions includeTarget groups formed from the client base according to selected criteria direct campaign-related material to selected recipients using various channels.Tracking, storing, and analyzing campaign statistics, including tracking responses and analyzing trendsCollaborative CRMCollaborative CRM consists of a companys dealings with customers that are handled by various departments within a company, such as sales, technical support and marketing. Staff members from different departments can share information bundle uped when interacting with customers. Collaborative CRMs main focus is to use information collected by all departments to improve the quality of services provided by the company. (Edwards, 2007)Consumer Relationship CRMConsumer Relationship System is chiefly for a companys dealing with customers handled by the Consumer Affairs and Customer Relations contact centers within a company.(Source http//e n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_relationship_management, Accessed 24/08/09)Benefits of Customer Relationship ManagementExceptional customer service is about being aware of customer needs and reacting to them effectively. CRM facilitates to understand, anticipate and respond to customers needs in a consistent way, through out the organization.Practicing CRM requires an efficient and integrated internal business system. Many businesses benefit from the organizational discipline CRM imposes, as well as from the technology itself.CRM will help business if we view it as a set of tools that let us do more for, and get more from, our customer.CRM canDevelop better communication channels move in vital data, like customer details and order historiesCreate detailed profiles such as customer preferencesDeliver instant, company-wide access to customer historiesIdentify new selling opportunitiesTo better serve customers, organizations must tick off that information can be accessed through one sin gle source throughout the enterprise. (Source http//www.is4profit.com/business-advice/it-telecoms/crm-customer-relationship-management_2.html, Accessed 16/08/09) crinkle benefits of CRMSetting customer relationship management (CRM) solution in practice requires substantial time and expense. However, there are many potential benefits. A major benefit can be the development of better relations with the existing customers that leads toIncreased sales through better timing due to anticipating needs based on historic trends,Identifying needs more effectively by understanding specific customer requirements,Cross-selling of other products by highlighting and suggesting alternatives or enhancements,Identifying which of the customers are profitable and which are not.This can lead to better marketing of the products or services by focusing onEffective targeted marketing communications aimed specifically at customer needs,A more personal approach and the development of new or improved products and services in order to win more business in the future.Finally this leads toEnhanced customer satisfaction and retention, ensuring that the good reputation in the marketplace continues to grow,Increased value from existing customers and reduced cost associated with backing and servicing them, increasing overall efficiency and reducing total cost of sales,Improved profitability by focusing on the most profitable customers and dealing with the unprofitable in more cost effective ways.Once the business starts to look after its existing customers effectively, focus can be shifted on finding new customers and expanding the market. The more we know about our customers, the easier it is to identify new prospects and increase our customer base. (Source http//www.businesslink.gov.uk/, Accessed 16/08/09)Customer privacy is an important issue in CRM. CRM deals with large amounts of customer data throughout various touch points and communication means. The personalization process in CRM re quires identification of each individual customer and collections of demographic and behavioural data, this is the very information that most customers consider personal and private. The individual organisation gets into an ethical dilemma as it wants to collect as much information as possible about each customer to further its sales. It is a must to have the customer consent to avoid any future problems. Authorized personnel should only have the access to the stored information and data.Drawbacks of CRMAs of any other topic there are some negative sides about CRM. According to a research study released in March, 2001 by the Meta Group (cited in Connor 2001), between 55% to 75% of CRM projects fail to meet management objectives. However, research undertaken by CRM Guru (The Blueprint for CRM conquest 2002) indicates that the failure rate of CRM projects is 35 %. About 50 % of projects get a payback within 18 months.Research MethodologyThe two most common methods of data collection for any research are qualitative and quantitative. It is important to define qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative data is the term given to data that can be quantified where as qualitative data is the term given to data based on meanings which are expressed through words and language (Anderson, 2004). Both these methods will be used to gather data and information for this research.Interviews will be conducted with the staff members to learn about their ideas and opinions on what they can add to the existing services that they provide. If possible and permitted, then a group of patients will be selected and will be interviewed about what their expectations from the doctors surgery. A questionnaire will be prepared for conducting this research which will be given to the patients who come to take service to the surgery. All these descriptive, exploratory, ethnographic, qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to fulfill the requirements of this research. entropy army MethodsThis study draws on both first-string and secondary data, such as past customer satisfaction levels, as well as both qualitative and quantitative data. The main focus will be on the qualitative approach as well as observation. This is because my data analysis will be based on words rather than figures. In addition to this, an interview will be conducted on a focused group of patients as primary data source.Primary Data Collection MethodsPrimary sources are original works of research or raw data without interpretation or pronouncements that represent an official opinion or position. Included among the primary sources are memos, letters, complete interviews or speeches (in audio, video, or written transcript formats), laws, regulations, court decisions or standards, and most government data, including census, economic, and labour data, (Cooper and Schindler, 2003). For the purpose of my research, qualitative method of data collection is more appropriate. Qualitative rese arch is centrally concerned with the understanding rather than the beat things (Hague Jackson, 1996). Moreover it is conceptualise that qualitative research provides data that is open to interpretation and argue. (Brassington Pettitt, 1996). The search will use a combination of structured and unstructured questionnaires during face-to-face in-depth interview that provide a mixture of close and open-ended questions for ease and for the acquiring optimum data. The interviews will be with the parties, the service providers and the service receivers that is the patients.Questionnaire and InterviewQuestionnaire will be one of the most important approaches that would be used in this research as it provides the simplest and fast-paced way of primary data collection. A questionnaire will be design to handout to all interviewees and this will give me the data I need to base my theories on.Interviews will be taken to collect data in which selected participants are asked questions in ord er to find out about their activities, thoughts or feeling about relative issues.The sample size will be 50 plus and of both sexes and of different age groups.Secondary Data Collection MethodsStudies made by others for their own purposes represent secondary data, (Cooper and Schindler, 2003). This will include both qualitative and quantitative data as well as descriptive and exploratory research.Books, magazines, articles, journals and other kinds of publications will be used to gather the data. The libraries that will be used for resources are London civilise of Commerce Library, the British Library, City Business Library and Online Library of University of Phoenix. As this report is a case on NHS (National Health Service), the web sites of the NHS and PPCC will be used to get information about the doctors surgery. The information gathered on the secondary research will be presented in the literature review part of this research.Data AnalysisThe primary data that will be gathered through questionnaire as a form of quantitative analysis will be analysed by using the Microsoft Excel spread sheet. To have a better understanding of the data, they will be presented in Pie chart and Bar charts. The findings will be also put as percentage of the total sample size. The interview will be analysed as qualitative data as there will be opinions, suggestions and views of the participants.Resource RequirementsSome of the expenses that would incur during the primary data collection would be for light refreshments for the interviewees and the expenses for secondary data would be for buying the referral books, magazines, printing and screening of the research. There will be also some additional transportation cost for travelling to the libraries. meter ScaleTime is a crucial element for any kind of work and I believe that the dissertation can be completed according to the following time scale.Time Scale workweekActivity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Submission of the Proposal Literature ReviewInterviews Updating Literature Review Data Collections and Questionnaire Data Analysis First design of dissertation Revising draft Second draft of dissertation Final editing and preparing Final report ready

Oscilloscope The most useful instrument

back nation The most callful instrumental role intromissionCathode Ray Oscillo place setting ( oscilloscope)An oscilloscope is easily the most usanceful instrument available for testing ropes be scram it concedes you to see the tapers at contrasting heights in the circuit. The trounce way of investigating an electronic system is to monitor signals at the stimulation and tabooput of each system block, checking that each block is operating as expected and is correctly linked to the next. With a little practice, we leave alone be able to find and correct faults quickly and accurately.The symbol for a CROThe screen of a CRO is very similar to a TV, pull up it is much simpler. We will not go into the similarities except to say that the describe tube on a TV and the screen on a CRO ar both a special type of valve called a Cathode Ray Tube.It is a vacuum tube with a cathode (negative electrode) at matchless end that emits electrons and anodes (positive electrodes) to acceler ate the electron bargon up/down and go away/right to hit a phosphor coating at the end of the tube, called the screen.The electrons are called cathode rays because they are emitted by the cathode and this gives the oscilloscope its full name Cathode Ray Oscilloscope or CRO.CRO IN DETAILThe main stir up of the C.R.O. is a highly evacuated glass tube housing parts which delivers a pecker of electrons, accelerates them, shapes them into a narrow beam, and provides international connections to the sets of plates for changing the direction of the beam.Internal ComponentsK, an indirectly heated cathode which provides a source of electrons for the beam by boiling them out of the cathode.P, the anode (or plate) which is circular with a small central hole. The potential of P creates an galvanic field which accelerates the electrons, some of which emerge from the hole as a ticket beam. This beam lies along the central axis of the tube.G, the gridiron. Controlling the potential of th e grid tone downs the minute of electrons for the beam, and hence the rapture of the spot on the screen where the beam hits.F, the focusing cylinder. This aids in concentrating the electron beam into a skip straight line much as a lens operates in optics.X, Y, deflection plate pairs. The X plates are used for deflecting the beam left to right (the x direction) by flirt withs of the ramp potentiality. The Y plates are used for deflection of the beam in the upright piano direction. Voltages on the X and Y sets of plates determine where the beam will strike the screen and cause a spot of light.S, the screen. This is coated on the inside with a material which fluoresces with green light (usually) where the electrons are striking.As well as this tube, thither are several electronic circuits required to operate the tube, all in spite of appearance the C.R.O. along with the tubeA power supply, operated from the 110 volt 60 bicycle per second electrical mains. This supply provides all the emfs required for the different circuits within the C.R.O. for operation of the tube.A sawtooth, or ramp signal writer which makes the spot move left to right on the screen. External suss outs for this circuit al emit variation of the drop back width, and the frequence of the ravel signal. Because of the persistence of our vision, this sweep is often fast enough that what we see on the screen is a continuous level line.Amplifiers for the internally generated ramp signal, and for the unknown signal which we swindle up to the C.R.O. for the purpose of appearanceing it.Shift devices which allow us to obligate the mean position of the beam up or down, or left to right.The contemporizer circuit. This circuit allows us to synchronise the unknown signal with the ramp signal such that the resulting display is a nice clear signal care a snapshot of the unknown voltage vs. eon.C.R.O. Operation Typical front-panel controls mien PanelOn-off switch.INTENS. This is the inte nsity control connected to the grid G to control the beamintensity and hence the brightness of the screen spots. Dont run the intensity too high, just bright enough for clear visibility. Always take away the spot sweeping left to right or the beam whitethorn burn a hole in the screen.FOCUS allows you to obtain a clearly defined line on the screen.POSITION allows you to adjust the vertical position of the swanform on the screen. (There is one of these for each channel).AMPL/DIV. is a control of the Y (i.e. vertical) amplitude of the signal on the screen.(There is one of these for each channel).AC/DC switch. This should be left in the DC position unless you cannot rule a signal on-screen otherwise. (There is one of these for each channel).AB/ADD switch. This allows you to display both input channels separately or to combine them into one.+/- switch. This allows you to rescind the B channel on the display. line of credit A inputChannel B inputX POSITION these allow you to adjust t he naiant position of the signals on the screen.LEVEL this allows you to determine the trigger level i.e. the point of the curveform at which the ramp voltage will begin in time base sensory system.ms/s This defines the multiplication factor for the horizontal scale in timebase mode. (See 15 below.)MAGN The horizontal scale units are to be multiplied by this setting in both timebase and xy modes. To avoid confusion, set aside it at x1 unless you really need to change it.Time/Div This selector controls the absolute frequency at which the beam sweeps horizontally across the screen in time base mode, as well as whether the oscilloscope is in timebase mode or xy (x VIA A) mode. This switch has the following positions(a) X VIA A In this position, an external signal connected to input A is used in nates of the internally generated ramp. (This is also known as xy mode.)(b) .5, 1, 2, 5, etc. Here the internally generated ramp voltage will repeat such that each queen-size (cm) horizon tal division corresponds to .5, 1, 2, 5, etc. ms. or s depending on the multiplier and magnitude settings. (Note also the x1/x5 switch in 14 above.)The following controls are for triggering of the scope, and only have an effect in timebase mode.A/B selector. This allows you to prefer which signal to use for triggering.-/+ will force the ramp signal to synchronise its starting time to either the decreasing or increasing part of the unknown signal you are studying.INT/EXT This will determine whether the the ramp will be synchronised to the signal chosen by the A/B switch or by whatever signal is applied to the EXT. SYNC. input. (See 21 below.)AC/TV selectors. Ive never figured out what this does find whichever position works.External trigger inputINTRODUCTION region GENERATORA position generator is a device that can produce several(a) patterns of voltage at a variety of frequencies and amplitudes. It is used to test the solution of circuits to common input signals. The electrical leads from the device are attached to the ground and signal input terminals of the device under test.Most affaire generators allow the user to choose the shape of the produce from a small number of options.Square wave The signal goes directly from high to low voltage.wickedness wave The signal curves like a sinusoid from high to low voltage.Triangle wave The signal goes from high to low voltage at a fixed rate.The amplitude control on a function generator varies the voltage difference between the high and low voltage of the output signal.The direct current (DC) offset control on a function generator varies the average voltage of a signal intercourse to the ground.The frequency control of a function generator controls the rate at which output signal oscillates.On some function generators, the frequency control is a combination of different controls.One set of controls chooses the broad frequency range (order of magnitude) and the other selects the precise frequency.This allows the function generator to handle the rattling(a) variation in frequency scale needed for signals.The duty cycle of a signal refers to the ratio of high voltage to low voltage time in a square wave signal.FUNCTION OF FUNCTION GENERATORAnalog function generators usually generate a trigon waveform as the basis for all of its other outputs. The triangle is generated by repeatedly charging and discharging a capacitor from a constant current source. This produces a elongatedly ascending or descending voltage ramp. As the output voltage reaches upper and lower limits, the charging and discharging is reversed using a comparator, producing the linear triangle wave. By varying the current and the size of the capacitor, different frequencies may be obtained.A 50% duty cycle square wave is easily obtained by noting whether the capacitor is being charged or discharged, which is reflected in the current switching comparators output. Most function generators also contain a non-linear diode shap ing circuit that can convert the triangle wave into a reasonably accurate sine wave. It does so by round off the hard corners of the triangle wave in a serve well similar to clipping in audio systems.The type of output link from the device depends on the frequency range of the generator. A typical function generator can provide frequencies up to 20 MHz and uses a BNC connector, usually requiring a 50 or 75 ohm termination. Specialised RF generators are capable of gigahertz frequencies and typically use N-type output connectors. operation generators, like most signal generators, may also contain an attenuator, respective(a) means of modulating the output waveform, and often the ability to automatically and repetitively sweep the frequency of the output waveform (by means of a voltage-controlled oscillator) between dickens operator-determined limits. This capability makes it very easy to evaluate the frequency response of a given electronic circuit.Some function generators can al so generate white or pink noise.More advanced function generators use Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) to generate waveforms. Arbitrary waveform generators use DDS to generate any waveform that can be described by a table of amplitude values.REFERENCEhttp//www.doctronics.co.uk/scope.htmhttp//www.9h1mrl.org/workshop/CRO-Ebook-1/html/CRO-P1-Intro.htmlhttp//denethor.wlu.ca/pc200/scope/oscilloscope.pdfhttp//cnx.org/content/m11895/latest/

Partial Rate of Diffusion of Potassium Dichromate

incomplete Rate of Diffusion of Potassium DichromateABSTRACTDiffusion is the movement where molecules airing into spaces. It was ascertaind that the formation of ammonium ion chloride was near the hydrochloric vinegarish message the ammonia dish outd faster. One factor that affects the target of it is the molecular saddle of a substance. If molecular incubus affects the enume locate of dissemination, then, the higher or write down the molecular metric system of clogsing unit unit the slow or faster the appraise of airing. To try on this factor, a drop of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene group group sad were situated on for each one wells of the petri dish containing agar peeing change. later on thirty legal proceeding, the partial(p) localize and average pass judgment of dissemination ar calculated and the results showed that the substance with the lowest molecular lott over, potassium permanganate, diffuses fas run . The molecular weight affects the calculate of diffusion, the lighter the molecular weight the slower the rate of diffusion and vice versa. The molecular weight of the substance is inversely proportionate to the rate of diffusion.INTRODUCTIONDiffusion is the process where the molecules of solid, liquid or gas string out spontaneously to occupy a space. Gas molecules are the fastest to diffuse since their molecules are scattered from one a nonher. The molecules of diffusion moves randomly and they spread into operational space (Mendoza E, 2003).Hydrochloric cutting is formed by mixture of hydrogen ion and centiliter ion. According to the Lewis theory of acids and bases, hydrochloric acid is an acid because an element (chlorine) was paired to a hydrogen ion and when it is turn in water, it produces hydrogen ion (Ebbing and Gammon, 2011). A 0.1M of hydrochloric acid has a pH level of 1 meaning it is strong enough to dissolved iron nails (Mendoza E, 2003). Hydrochloric acid has a molecular weight of about 36.46 g/mol and can be found inside our stomach because it helps on the digestion of the food we eat (Reece et al, 2005).Ammonium hydrated oxide is a base because it produces hydroxide ion when dissolves in water. The ammonium hydroxide decomposes forming ammonia and water. In a buncombe moveion, a compound turns into simpler substances or elements. The ammonia has a molecular weight of about 17.031 g/mol and water has about 18g/mol (Mendoza E, 2003).When ammonium hydroxide breaks down into ammonia and water, since hydrochloric acid is an acid, when it is dissolved in water, it bequeath produce hydrogen ion. On the other hand, the chlorine ion(C ) result react with ammonia (N). This response is called synthesis reaction (HCl + N O NCl + +O) (Mendoza E, 2003).From the reaction, ammonium chloride is produced by the synthesis of ammonia and chlorine ion. The ammonia and hydrochloric acid spread to available space until they meet. After they met, a rea ction of white demolish is formed. The ring is near to the hydrochloric acid compare to the ammonia (France C. 2014)There are many factors that affect the rate of diffusion. When heat is applied, the molecules moves quicker, making the solute dissolves faster. The diffusion rate too increased by stirring where molecules move faster amidst the molecules of water. Diffusion is also affected by the density of the solvent where diffusion is slower when it has a higher density (Lozano Sandico, 2003). Molecular weight also affects the rate of diffusion. Lighter particles diffuse faster than heavy particles It has an inverse equaliser where the smaller the size of the particles, the faster the rate of diffusion (Tro, 2008). The difference in concentration can affect the rate of diffusion too. The distance of diffusion also affects the rate of it where it takes time to diffuse a particle for cold place. Permeability is also a factor of diffusion where if the substance does not permit a substance to pass through it, thus, there will be no diffusion (Meyertholen E., 2014)Based on the observation, the ammonium hydroxide decomposed into ammonia (N) and water (O), while the hydrochloric acid decomposed into hydrogen ion() and chlorine ion (C). A single displacement had occurred from the ammonia and hydrochloric acid, forming ammonium chloride (NCl). This substance appeared in the provide in the presence of a white smoke. With this, data were obtained to know how molecular weight affects the diffusion of a certain substance. As seen in disconcert 4.1, comparing the ratio of the distances from the two substances up to the smoke over the tot up distance, the ratio of the ammonia are larger than the ratio of the hydrochloric acid. But on the first trial, the ratio of hydrochloric acid over fit distance is bigger by 0.2cm compared to the ammonia. Using the aspect, the ratio of the ammonia over the ratio of hydrochloric acid is used to get the average ratio. With am monia having a molecular weight of about 17.031 g/mol and the hydrochloric acid having a molecular weight of about 36.46 g/mol, the lighter the molecular weight of the substance, the faster the diffusion is. However, the molecules of the substances on the observation cannot be seen.Table 4.1. The ratios of the distances from the hydrochloric acid over make sense distance, from the ammonia over total distance, and ammonia over hydrochloric acid.TrialDistance(cm)(d) issue forth Distance(D)Ratiod HCld N119.218.737.90.510.490.96215.020.535.50.420.581.38316.820.036.80.460.541.17417.518.536.00.490.511.04This study aimed to insure how molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion. The specific objectives areTo explain the relationship between molecular weight and the rate of diffusion of a certain substance.To prove if molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate of diffusion.MATERIALS AND METHODSTo find out if the molecular weight of a substance affects the rate of diffusion, a petri dish of agar water gel with three wells, potassium dichromate (C), potassium permanganate (KMn), and methylene disconsolate were used.The diam of each well is metrical in millimetre utilize a ruler. Then, a drop of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene juicy were dropped on each wells of the petri dish containing agar water gel. It was instanter covered to prevent it from drying. At a three-minute interval for thirty minutes, by lifting the petri dish, the diameter of the coloured area is measured. Using the collected data in the setup, a line graph was used to compare the rate of each substances diffusion.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONOn the experiment, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish were used to determine the partial rate and the average rate of diffusion. After 30 minutes of observing, the diameter of the pot assium permanganate has the biggest among the rest which is 14, compared to the potassium dichromate which is 12 and to methylene blue which is 11. The average rate of diffusion is calculated by the formulaWhere df= final diameterdo= initial diametert= total timeWhile the partial diffusion rate is calculated by the formulaWhere dx=diameter at a given timedx-1= diameter immediately sooner dxtx= time when dx measuredtx-1= time immediately before txTable 4.2. Rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish for 30 minutes. season(Minute) diam (mm)Potassium Permanganate(MW 158g/mol)Potassium Dichromate(MW 294g/mol)methylene group blue(MW 374g/mol)0333365568769108712119715129818121092113109241311102713111030141211Table 4.3. Partial rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish for 30 minutes.Time elapsed(minute)Partial rates of diff usion(mm/min)Potassium Permanganate(MW 158g/mol)Potassium Dichromate(MW 294g/mol)Methylene blue(MW 374g/mol)31.000.670.6760.670.670.3390.670.330.33120.330.330.00150.330.000.33180.000.330.33210.330.000.00240.000.330.33270.000.000.00300.330.330.33Average rate of diffusion (mm/min.)0.3670.3000.267Figure 4.3. A bar graph comparing the average rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish.Figure 4.4. A bar graph comparing the partial rate of diffusion of potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in agar-water gel inside the petri dish.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONTo test the hypothesis, an experiment was performed to test if the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, then, the higher or lower the molecular weight the slower or faster the rate of diffusion. An observation using a glass rod to measure the distance on how far the particles of the hydrochloric acid and ammonia travelled u ntil both of them had a chemical reaction producing ammonium chloride. Ammonia that has 17.031 g/mol travelled faster than the hydrochloric acid that has 36.46 g/mol.The experiment was done to support the observation because it is more clearly and visible to the naked eye because the diffusion can be observe in this setup. The potassium permanganate having a diameter of 14 is the biggest among them. The average rate of diffusion of each substances was calculated and the result is potassium permanganate has the fastest rate of 0.367mm/min. potassium permanganate has the lightest molecular weight of 158g/mol.Based from the setup that was performed, the substance that has the lightest molecular weight has the fastest rate of diffusion. This study confirmed the hypothesis where the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, the lighter the molecular weight the slower the rate of diffusion and vice versa. The molecular weight of the substance is inversely proportional to the rate o f diffusion. However, some errors were made during the experiment like the unequal amounts of the substances located in the petri dish, methylene blue was spilled from the well, and the three substances are not measured at exactly every three minutes. This study needs besides research because there are also other factors other than the molecular weight that could affect the rate of diffusion. It is recommended to research and study other factors that can affect the rate of diffusion.LITERATURE CITEDCain, M.L., Jackson, R.B., Minorsky, P.V., Reece, J.B., Urry L.A., and Wasserman, S.A.2011. Campbell Biology 9th Edition. USA Pearson Education Inc. p. 53.Ebbing,D. and Gammon, S. D. 2009. oecumenical Chemistry Enhanced Edition. USA Cengage Learning Inc. p. 143-144.France C. 2014. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Information retrieval. http//gcsescience.com/e17- ammonium-chloride-reversible.htm Accessed October 12, 2014.Lozano L.F. and Sandico P.M. C.2003. Science and engineering scie nce for the Future II. Makati City Diwa Learning System Inc. p. 110.Mendoza, E.E.2003. Phoenix Science series Chemistry. Quezon City Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. p. 163, 244, 299, 305.Meyertholen E. 2014. Diffusion II Information retrieval. http//austincc.edu/emeyerth/ diffuse2.htm Accessed October 13, 2014.Tro, N. J.2008. A Molecular Approach.Oregon, USA GEX Publishing Services. p. 229.